B1 Spanish grammar

Spanish Contrast and Result Connectors for B1 Writing

B1 communication needs more than short clauses. Use concession, contrast, and result connectors to show how ideas relate and punctuate them according to their structure.

Spanish contrast and result connectors: Express concession and contrast

Aunque introduces a concession inside a sentence; sin embargo and no obstante commonly connect separate statements.

Aunque llovía, salimos. Sin embargo, volvimos pronto.
Although it was raining, we went out. However, we returned soon.Aunque subordinates one idea; sin embargo links two statements.

Quick check

Although it is difficult, I will try.

Express a result

Por eso, así que, and por lo tanto introduce a consequence of the previous idea.

Perdimos el tren, así que llegamos tarde.
We missed the train, so we arrived late.The second clause is the result.

Use a pesar de and de todos modos

A pesar de takes a noun or infinitive; a pesar de que takes a clause. De todos modos means despite that or anyway and links statements.

A pesar del frío, salimos. De todos modos, llevamos abrigo.
Despite the cold, we went out. In any case, we took coats.Each connector has its own grammatical frame.

Common mistakes

Sin embargo llovía salimos.

Llovía; sin embargo, salimos.

Use punctuation to separate the linked statements.

Llegamos tarde aunque perdimos el tren. (direct result intended)

Perdimos el tren, así que llegamos tarde.

Así que clearly marks the consequence.

A pesar que hacía frío

A pesar de que hacía frío

A clause requires the complete connector de que.

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Contrast and result connectors FAQ

What does contrast and result connectors cover?

B1 communication needs more than short clauses. Use concession, contrast, and result connectors to show how ideas relate and punctuate them according to their structure.

What is the first rule to remember?

Aunque introduces a concession inside a sentence; sin embargo and no obstante commonly connect separate statements.

What is another important B1 pattern?

Por eso, así que, and por lo tanto introduce a consequence of the previous idea.

How can I practise Spanish contrast and result connectors?

Complete the focused round, review each correction, and repeat the lesson when its skills become due again.

Continue learning

Real future conditionsUse present indicative after si and a future, command, or present result for likely future conditions.Imperfect subjunctiveBuild the common -ra series from the third-person plural preterite and use it in basic present hypotheses.Second conditionalCombine si plus the imperfect subjunctive with a conditional result for hypothetical present or future situations.Complete B1 Spanish grammar courseSee every B1 unit and continue through the course in order.Spanish tense guidesCompare the major tense systems used throughout this course.