B1 Spanish grammar
Indicative vs Subjunctive in Spanish Relative Clauses
Relative clauses use indicative for an identified antecedent and subjunctive when the speaker is looking for, denying, or imagining something not specifically identified.
subjunctive in Spanish relative clauses: Use indicative for a known antecedent
When the speaker refers to a particular person or thing known to exist, use indicative.
Tengo un vecino que habla japonés.Quick check
I know a shop that sells it.
Use subjunctive for an unknown antecedent
When searching for or describing a non-specific person or thing, use subjunctive.
Busco un piso que tenga balcón.Use subjunctive after denied existence
No hay, no conozco, and nadie or nada can deny that an antecedent exists, which commonly selects subjunctive.
No hay nadie que lo sepa.Common mistakes
Tengo un vecino que hable japonés. (known neighbour)
Tengo un vecino que habla japonés.
A known existing antecedent uses indicative.
Busco un piso que tiene balcón. (no specific flat)
Busco un piso que tenga balcón.
The desired antecedent is not yet identified.
No conozco a nadie que habla ruso.
No conozco a nadie que hable ruso.
The person is denied or unidentified.
Ready to practise subjunctive in Spanish relative clauses?
Complete an eight-question round and save skill-level progress for future review.
Mood in relative clauses FAQ
What does mood in relative clauses cover?
Relative clauses use indicative for an identified antecedent and subjunctive when the speaker is looking for, denying, or imagining something not specifically identified.
What is the first rule to remember?
When the speaker refers to a particular person or thing known to exist, use indicative.
What is another important B1 pattern?
When searching for or describing a non-specific person or thing, use subjunctive.
How can I practise subjunctive in Spanish relative clauses?
Complete the focused round, review each correction, and repeat the lesson when its skills become due again.