B2 Spanish grammar
Spanish Cause and Consequence Connectors for Arguments
Cause and consequence connectors must fit both meaning and grammar. Some introduce noun phrases, others introduce finite clauses, some evaluate the cause positively or negatively, and formal consequences need clear sentence punctuation.
Cause/consequence connector
connector grammar + evaluation + punctuation
Some connectors take noun phrases, others introduce clauses, and sentence connectors link complete propositions.
Cause and consequence connector syntax
| Function | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| neutral cause phrase | debido a + noun | debido a la niebla |
| asserted cause clause | dado que + clause | Dado que no había visibilidad… |
| positive evaluated cause | gracias a + noun | Gracias a la vacuna… |
| negative evaluated cause | por culpa de + noun | Por culpa de un error… |
| formal consequence | sentence; por consiguiente, sentence | No se alcanzó el mínimo; por consiguiente, no fue válida. |
Do not put a finite clause directly after debido a; use debido a que when a clause follows.
Spanish cause and consequence connectors: Match cause connectors to phrases and clauses
Use debido a or a causa de before a noun phrase, debido a que before a finite clause, and dado que or puesto que before an asserted clause.
El vuelo se canceló debido a la niebla. Dado que no había visibilidad, cerraron el aeropuerto.Quick check
The event was postponed due to the storm.
Show evaluation through the cause connector
Use gracias a for a beneficial cause, por culpa de when assigning blame or negative responsibility, and por, debido a, or a causa de when a neutral framing is more appropriate.
Gracias a la vacuna, disminuyeron los casos; por culpa de un error, se perdieron algunos datos.Derive formal consequences with clear punctuation
Use en consecuencia, por consiguiente, or por lo tanto as sentence-level connectors, normally separated by a period, semicolon, or comma pattern that makes the logical boundary visible.
No se alcanzó el mínimo; por consiguiente, la votación no fue válida.Common mistakes
Debido la niebla, cancelaron el vuelo.
Debido a la niebla, cancelaron el vuelo.
Debido requires a before its noun complement.
Gracias al accidente, hubo retrasos. (neutral report intended)
A causa del accidente, hubo retrasos.
Gracias a normally frames a cause as beneficial, which clashes with the neutral negative event.
No se alcanzó el mínimo por consiguiente la votación no fue válida.
No se alcanzó el mínimo; por consiguiente, la votación no fue válida.
Formal sentence connectors need punctuation that marks the clause boundary.
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Cause and consequence connectors FAQ
What does cause and consequence connectors cover?
Cause and consequence connectors must fit both meaning and grammar. Some introduce noun phrases, others introduce finite clauses, some evaluate the cause positively or negatively, and formal consequences need clear sentence punctuation.
What is the first rule to remember?
Use debido a or a causa de before a noun phrase, debido a que before a finite clause, and dado que or puesto que before an asserted clause.
What is another important B2 pattern?
Use gracias a for a beneficial cause, por culpa de when assigning blame or negative responsibility, and por, debido a, or a causa de when a neutral framing is more appropriate.
How can I practise Spanish cause and consequence connectors?
Complete the focused round, review each correction, and repeat the lesson when its skills become due again.