Step 1
Understand
Read a focused rule with translated examples and common corrections.
Spanish grammar · C2
C2 Spanish Grammar Course
Master nuanced Spanish across varieties, pragmatic meanings, literary and rhetorical structures, dense syntax, long-range reference, specialist genres, disputed usage, and meaning-preserving reformulation.
A complete guided learning path
Step 2
Practise
Work through 40 lessons and 120 persistent skills.
Step 3
Review
Complete 10 unit checkpoints and return when skills become due.
C2 course syllabus
Learn each unit in a practical order
Unit 1
Understand variation across Spanish
Interpret mood, tense, address, and agreement across regions without stigmatizing systematic varieties.
C2 · 3 skillsDialectal mood variationInterpret and use dialectal mood variation according to meaning, region, audience, and register.C2 · 3 skillsRegional tense variationInterpret and use regional tense variation according to meaning, region, audience, and register.C2 · 3 skillsPronouns and forms of addressInterpret and use pronouns and forms of address according to meaning, region, audience, and register.C2 · 3 skillsAgreement variationInterpret and use agreement variation according to meaning, region, audience, and register.
Unit 2
Read pragmatic meaning in grammar
Interpret irony, echo, mitigation, and counterexpectation through grammar plus discourse context.
C2 · 3 skillsIrony, distance, and moodInterpret and produce irony, distance, and mood through grammar, discourse context, and register.C2 · 3 skillsEcho questionsInterpret and produce echo questions through grammar, discourse context, and register.C2 · 3 skillsPoliteness and mitigationInterpret and produce politeness and mitigation through grammar, discourse context, and register.C2 · 3 skillsCounterexpectationInterpret and produce counterexpectation through grammar, discourse context, and register.
Unit 3
Control advanced narrative style
Control blended viewpoint, focalization, non-linear time, and literary tense choices without losing attribution or chronology.
C2 · 3 skillsFree indirect styleInterpret and produce free indirect style while keeping viewpoint, time, and attribution recoverable.C2 · 3 skillsNarrative focalizationInterpret and produce narrative focalization while keeping viewpoint, time, and attribution recoverable.C2 · 3 skillsTemporal dislocationInterpret and produce temporal dislocation while keeping viewpoint, time, and attribution recoverable.C2 · 3 skillsLiterary tense choiceInterpret and produce literary tense choice while keeping viewpoint, time, and attribution recoverable.
Unit 4
Use marked information structure
Use marked word order, dislocation, parentheticals, and syntactic rhythm to guide interpretation without sacrificing clarity.
C2 · 3 skillsMarked word orderUse marked word order to guide topic, focus, scope, and processing in advanced Spanish.C2 · 3 skillsLeft and right dislocationUse left and right dislocation to guide topic, focus, scope, and processing in advanced Spanish.C2 · 3 skillsParenthetical structuresUse parenthetical structures to guide topic, focus, scope, and processing in advanced Spanish.C2 · 3 skillsSyntactic rhythmUse syntactic rhythm to guide topic, focus, scope, and processing in advanced Spanish.
Unit 5
Interpret and produce dense syntax
Compress clauses and build participial, gerund, and nominal structures without obscuring time, participants, attachment, or responsibility.
C2 · 3 skillsClause compressionInterpret, produce, and edit clause compression while preserving participants, logical relations, and scope.C2 · 3 skillsAbsolute participial structuresInterpret, produce, and edit absolute participial structures while preserving participants, logical relations, and scope.C2 · 3 skillsAdvanced gerund use and limitsInterpret, produce, and edit advanced gerund use and limits while preserving participants, logical relations, and scope.C2 · 3 skillsComplex nominal groupsInterpret, produce, and edit complex nominal groups while preserving participants, logical relations, and scope.
Unit 6
Manage reference across complex texts
Maintain long reference chains, remove ambiguity, select relative structures, and omit only material that remains securely recoverable.
C2 · 3 skillsLong-distance referenceControl long-distance reference across complex Spanish sentences and extended texts.C2 · 3 skillsReference ambiguityControl reference ambiguity across complex Spanish sentences and extended texts.C2 · 3 skillsStylistic relative-clause choiceControl stylistic relative-clause choice across complex Spanish sentences and extended texts.C2 · 3 skillsOmission and recoveryControl omission and recovery across complex Spanish sentences and extended texts.
Unit 7
Use syntax rhetorically
Use parallelism, rhetorical questions, repetition, and balanced contrast as controlled meaning-making resources.
C2 · 3 skillsParallelismUse parallelism to shape emphasis, stance, contrast, and processing in advanced Spanish.C2 · 3 skillsRhetorical questionsUse rhetorical questions to shape emphasis, stance, contrast, and processing in advanced Spanish.C2 · 3 skillsEmphasis through repetitionUse emphasis through repetition to shape emphasis, stance, contrast, and processing in advanced Spanish.C2 · 3 skillsBalanced contrastUse balanced contrast to shape emphasis, stance, contrast, and processing in advanced Spanish.
Unit 8
Adapt grammar to genre
Adapt grammar and information design to legal, academic, journalistic, and conversational purposes without relying on rigid genre stereotypes.
C2 · 3 skillsLegal and administrative styleAdapt grammar, information flow, attribution, and sentence design to legal and administrative style.C2 · 3 skillsAdvanced academic styleAdapt grammar, information flow, attribution, and sentence design to advanced academic style.C2 · 3 skillsJournalistic styleAdapt grammar, information flow, attribution, and sentence design to journalistic style.C2 · 3 skillsAdvanced conversational styleAdapt grammar, information flow, attribution, and sentence design to advanced conversational style.
Unit 9
Evaluate disputed and error-prone usage
Evaluate que clauses, agreement, prepositions, and punctuation through construction, meaning, variation, and edited-register expectations.
C2 · 3 skillsDequeísmo and queísmoEvaluate and edit dequeísmo and queísmo according to construction, meaning, variation, and genre.C2 · 3 skillsAgreement edge casesEvaluate and edit agreement edge cases according to construction, meaning, variation, and genre.C2 · 3 skillsAdvanced preposition selectionEvaluate and edit advanced preposition selection according to construction, meaning, variation, and genre.C2 · 3 skillsPunctuation and syntaxEvaluate and edit punctuation and syntax according to construction, meaning, variation, and genre.
Unit 10
Reformulate with exact control
Transform, condense, disambiguate, and edit complete texts while preserving proposition, stance, attribution, responsibility, and genre purpose.
C2 · 3 skillsMeaning-preserving transformationApply meaning-preserving transformation while preserving exact meaning, stance, responsibility, and genre purpose.C2 · 3 skillsPrecision and economyApply precision and economy while preserving exact meaning, stance, responsibility, and genre purpose.C2 · 3 skillsControlled ambiguityApply controlled ambiguity while preserving exact meaning, stance, responsibility, and genre purpose.C2 · 3 skillsC2 style editing and reformulationApply c2 style editing and reformulation while preserving exact meaning, stance, responsibility, and genre purpose.