Build Spanish grammar one short lesson at a time

Learn the common e→ie, o→ue, and e→i present-tense changes and when the verb stem stays unchanged.

Learn high-frequency irregular first-person forms such as hago, conozco, escojo, and oigo.

Practise decir, poner, salir, traer, oír, saber, and dar in useful present-tense sentences.

Learn when Spanish uses the present tense with a future time expression for fixed or scheduled plans.

Form regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs in the preterite and use them for completed past events.

Learn fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, and fueron and use context to distinguish ser from ir.

Practise the irregular preterite stems and endings of tener, estar, hacer, poder, poner, and venir.

Use ayer, anoche, la semana pasada, hace dos días, and sequence markers with completed past actions.

Form regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs in the imperfect using -aba and -ía endings.

Learn era, iba, and veía across the persons and use them in simple past descriptions.

Describe repeated routines, age, time, weather, people, places, and ongoing background situations.

Choose the preterite for completed events and the imperfect for habits, descriptions, and background.

Build the Spanish present perfect with he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han and a past participle.

Learn common participles such as hecho, dicho, visto, escrito, puesto, abierto, and vuelto.

Use present-connected time expressions such as hoy, esta semana, ya, todavía no, nunca, and alguna vez.

Choose between a past event connected to now and an event placed in a finished past period.

Use Spanish indirect object pronouns to show who receives or benefits from an action.

Identify what is given or affected and who receives it before choosing the correct pronouns.

Replace le or les with se before lo, la, los, or las and keep the recipient clear from context.

Place pronouns before conjugated verbs or attach them to infinitives, gerunds, and affirmative commands.

Form regular affirmative tú commands and use them for friendly instructions and directions.

Learn the common irregular affirmative tú commands di, haz, ve, pon, sal, sé, ten, and ven.

Use common usted and ustedes command forms for polite, formal, or plural instructions.

Express personal obligation, general necessity, and advice with tener que, hay que, and deber.

Form regular and common irregular Spanish gerunds before using them in progressive expressions.

Use estar plus a gerund for an action unfolding around a specific moment.

Use empezar a, seguir plus gerund, dejar de, and acabar de to describe the stage of an action.

Keep the second verb in the infinitive after a conjugated verb and after expressions such as antes de and después de.

Choose Spanish indefinite and negative words for things and people and place them correctly in negative sentences.

Use algún, alguno, alguna, ningún, ninguno, and ninguna with the correct noun and sentence pattern.

Express different amounts with common quantifiers and make adjective-like forms agree with nouns.

Compare quantities and actions using tanto como, más que, and menos que.

Use que to identify a person or thing and combine two simple statements without repetition.

Choose pronouns after prepositions and use the special combinations conmigo and contigo.

Learn dependable combinations such as aprender a, empezar a, dejar de, pensar en, and hablar de.

Choose definite, indefinite, or no article by considering whether a noun is identifiable, newly introduced, or used generally.

Choose por for cause, route, exchange, or duration and para for destination, recipient, purpose, or deadline.

Connect events and durations using cuando, antes de, después de, desde, desde hace, hace que, and hasta.

Connect ideas with porque, por, para plus an infinitive, por eso, and entonces.

Use si plus the present indicative for real or likely conditions and practical results.