Practice questions
360
C1 grammar course
Build Spanish grammar one short lesson at a time
Learn a clear rule, practise it in eight questions, and return when the skill is due for review.
Course progress
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Tracked skills
120
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120
Unit 1
Express speaker stance through mood
Move beyond trigger lists by using mood to assert, withhold, presuppose, evaluate, background, and recalibrate propositions.
C1 · 3 skills
Assertive verbs and mood
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Choose indicative or subjunctive according to whether an assertive expression presents information as established, attributes a claim, or explicitly withholds commitment.
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C1 · 3 skills
Negation, questions, and mood
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Interpret the scope and pragmatic force of negation and questions instead of treating either one as an automatic subjunctive trigger.
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C1 · 3 skills
Factive and evaluative clauses
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Separate knowledge and recognition from emotional or value judgments so factual acceptance does not incorrectly force one mood in every clause.
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C1 · 3 skills
Meaning changes through mood choice
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Use indicative and subjunctive as discourse choices that assert, background, reject, or soften the speaker's commitment to the same underlying proposition.
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Unit checkpoint
Review every skill in express speaker stance through mood
Complete the unit lessons first, then answer one mixed question for each of its 12 skills.
Unit 2
Shape tense, aspect, and viewpoint
Guide readers through extended narration by shifting temporal viewpoint, foregrounding past events, and choosing aspect for discourse meaning.
C1 · 3 skills
Narrative tense shifts
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Shift deliberately among narrative time frames to foreground events, revisit earlier causes, and comment from a later viewpoint without losing temporal orientation.
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C1 · 3 skills
The historical present
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Use present forms inside past narration to foreground decisive events while keeping the original past time frame clear and controlled.
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C1 · 3 skills
Stylistic uses of the imperfect
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Recognize and use the narrative, prospective, and imminent-action imperfect when a speaker adopts a viewpoint rather than merely describing habitual background.
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C1 · 3 skills
Perfect-aspect nuance
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Choose perfect forms for prior situations that remain relevant to a viewpoint, and non-perfect forms when narration treats the situation as a bounded event or internal background.
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Unit checkpoint
Review every skill in shape tense, aspect, and viewpoint
Complete the unit lessons first, then answer one mixed question for each of its 12 skills.
Unit 3
Express probability and evidence
Separate direct knowledge, inference, attribution, possibility, and qualified approximation through precise modal choices.
C1 · 3 skills
Future forms as evidence
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Use simple and perfect future forms to present conclusions inferred from current evidence while distinguishing inference from prediction and neutral fact.
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C1 · 3 skills
Conditional forms as reported evidence
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Use conditional forms to attribute unconfirmed present, future, or past information to a source without confusing reported evidence with hypothetical results.
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C1 · 3 skills
Deber de and probability
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Use deber de plus an infinitive to express inference, control its temporal viewpoint, and keep probabilistic meaning distinct from obligation.
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C1 · 3 skills
Advanced modal periphrases
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Choose among possibility, strong inference, approximation, and expected-outcome constructions to express precisely how evidence supports a conclusion.
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Unit checkpoint
Review every skill in express probability and evidence
Complete the unit lessons first, then answer one mixed question for each of its 12 skills.
Unit 4
Build advanced subordinate relationships
Connect events and arguments through precise temporal, concessive, conditional, comparative, and proportional relationships.
C1 · 3 skills
Advanced time clauses
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Coordinate immediate succession, duration, and temporal boundaries across complex viewpoints with precise connectors and mood choices.
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C1 · 3 skills
C1 concession clauses
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Express free-choice obstacles, reduced concessions, and formally acknowledged counterarguments without repeating the standard aunque contrast.
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C1 · 3 skills
Exception and condition clauses
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Set exceptions, sufficient conditions, warnings, and counterfactual enabling circumstances with precise connectors and mood.
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C1 · 3 skills
Comparison and proportion clauses
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Build correlated changes, hypothetical comparisons, and precise degree contrasts with the tense and mood required by the intended relationship.
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Unit checkpoint
Review every skill in build advanced subordinate relationships
Complete the unit lessons first, then answer one mixed question for each of its 12 skills.
Unit 5
Control information and emphasis
Organize established and new information through topics, focus, clefts, and deliberate constituent order.
C1 · 3 skills
Topicalization
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Place established information at the left or right edge of a sentence while preserving clitic reference, contrast, and discourse continuity.
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C1 · 3 skills
Focus structures
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Mark corrective, contrastive, and exhaustive focus through placement, stress-sensitive structure, and explicit focus expressions.
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C1 · 3 skills
Cleft sentences
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Use ser clefts, pseudoclefts, and que-focused colloquial patterns to identify the focused participant, time, place, or reason.
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C1 · 3 skills
Word order for emphasis
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Reorder subjects, objects, complements, and modifiers to manage given and new information without breaking clitic, agreement, or interpretation constraints.
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Unit checkpoint
Review every skill in control information and emphasis
Complete the unit lessons first, then answer one mixed question for each of its 12 skills.
Unit 6
Maintain cohesion across long texts
Build unambiguous chains of reference and remove repetition without losing participants, propositions, or logical relations.
C1 · 3 skills
Discourse deixis
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Refer precisely to earlier and upcoming sections, claims, and events with demonstratives and discourse-location expressions.
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C1 · 3 skills
Anaphora and reference
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Maintain clear participant and proposition reference across sentences using pronouns, noun phrases, and strategic repetition.
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C1 · 3 skills
Advanced relative linking
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Use sentence relatives and prepositional relatives to connect complex information while preserving a clear antecedent and logical relation.
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C1 · 3 skills
Ellipsis and substitution
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Avoid unnecessary repetition through recoverable omission and substitutes while retaining agreement, contrast, and reference clarity.
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Unit checkpoint
Review every skill in maintain cohesion across long texts
Complete the unit lessons first, then answer one mixed question for each of its 12 skills.
Unit 7
Use advanced clitic patterns
Use optional, aspectual, doubled, and clustered clitics with precise meaning and register.
C1 · 3 skills
The ethical dative
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Control the ethical dative according to meaning, information structure, and register.
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C1 · 3 skills
Aspectual se
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Control aspectual se according to meaning, information structure, and register.
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C1 · 3 skills
Object-pronoun duplication
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Control object-pronoun duplication according to meaning, information structure, and register.
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C1 · 3 skills
Complex clitic order
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Control complex clitic order according to meaning, information structure, and register.
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Unit checkpoint
Review every skill in use advanced clitic patterns
Complete the unit lessons first, then answer one mixed question for each of its 12 skills.
Unit 8
Write in academic and professional registers
Control density, agency, evidential stance, and source attribution across academic and professional texts.
C1 · 3 skills
Nominal style
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Manage information density with nominal groups while keeping actions, participants, logical relations, and agency clear.
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C1 · 3 skills
Passive and impersonal formal writing
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Choose active, passive, impersonal, or institutional voice according to information flow, genre, and the need to identify responsibility.
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C1 · 3 skills
Academic hedging and stance
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Calibrate the strength, scope, and evidential basis of academic claims without making them absolute, contradictory, or empty.
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C1 · 3 skills
Reporting sources and claims
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Integrate sources with precise attribution, stance-bearing reporting verbs, coherent tense, and an explicit boundary between source and writer claims.
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Unit checkpoint
Review every skill in write in academic and professional registers
Complete the unit lessons first, then answer one mixed question for each of its 12 skills.
Unit 9
Guide readers through complex discourse
Signal reformulation, exemplification, concession, counterargument, synthesis, and closure with exact rhetorical relationships.
C1 · 3 skills
Reformulation connectors
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Restate, define, correct, or distance a formulation with a connector that accurately signals the new version's relationship to the first.
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C1 · 3 skills
Exemplification and clarification
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Distinguish an example, a specification, an exhaustive list, and a clarifying aside through connector choice and punctuation.
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C1 · 3 skills
Concession and counterargument
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Acknowledge a valid point, limit its force, and answer it with a proportionate counterargument instead of merely placing contrasting statements together.
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C1 · 3 skills
Conclusion and synthesis
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Close an extended argument by summarizing, integrating, or deriving a conclusion without repeating mechanically or introducing unsupported evidence.
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Unit checkpoint
Review every skill in guide readers through complex discourse
Complete the unit lessons first, then answer one mixed question for each of its 12 skills.
Unit 10
Edit for precision and cohesion
Resolve ambiguity and edit register, reference, logic, and meaning across complete C1 texts.
C1 · 3 skills
Resolve syntactic ambiguity
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Diagnose and revise ambiguous attachment, reference, and scope while retaining the intended emphasis and meaning.
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C1 · 3 skills
Maintain register consistency
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Keep forms of address, vocabulary, sentence design, and institutional voice appropriate and coherent across a complete text.
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C1 · 3 skills
Edit cohesion and reference
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Repair reference chains, connector logic, paragraph progression, repetition, and omission across extended Spanish prose.
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C1 · 3 skills
C1 grammar editing and reformulation
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Edit extended C1 texts by diagnosing meaning first, prioritizing consequential problems, and reformulating with precise grammar, cohesion, and register.
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Unit checkpoint
Review every skill in edit for precision and cohesion
Complete the unit lessons first, then answer one mixed question for each of its 12 skills.
C1 final checkpoint
Review one representative skill from every lesson
Finish all 40 lessons, then complete one cumulative round across the whole C1 course.